How to Get Rid of Christmas Tree Insects

Theres nothing like the smell of an evergreen tree to get you in the holiday spirit. But when you bring a live or cut Christmas tree indoors, some of the insects that have called your Christmas tree home might be joining you for the holiday season. Heres what you need to know about Christmas tree insects. Holiday Bugs Pose a Very Small Risk   You really dont need to worry about bringing any dangerous or destructive pests inside with your Christmas tree. Your home isnt an appropriate habitat for insects that inhabit coniferous forests, and they arent going to move in for good. Lacking food and adequate humidity to survive, most Christmas tree insects die soon after moving indoors. Just keep an eye out — if you find insects, they wont bite or sting and wont travel far from the tree. Insects that Live in Christmas Trees Coniferous trees attract a variety of small insects that may be visible only in large numbers. Aphids are common pests of evergreen trees, and the warm conditions of your home may cause overwintering aphid eggs to hatch. Some conifers host adelgids, which produce cottony secretions over their bodies. Mites and scale insects also inhabit Christmas trees. Larger Christmas tree insects include bark beetles and praying mantids. Adult mantids will be long gone from the cold temperatures, but mantid egg cases can hatch when introduced to the warmth of your home. If that happens, youll have hundreds of tiny mantids wandering in search of food. Christmas trees often harbor spiders, too. Check for Insects Outside Harmless or not, you probably dont want to spend the holiday season with bugs crawling around among the presents or flying into your windows trying to escape. You can minimize the chance of Christmas tree insects wandering around your living room, though, before you get it inside. When choosing a tree, inspect it carefully. Look for signs of aphids or other small insects. Theyll likely appear as little brown or red dots. Adelgids resemble a dusting of snow. And dont forget to examine the undersides of branches. Check each branch for egg cases, which could contain praying mantises. Prune out any you find because your warm home will feel like spring and induce eggs to hatch. Brown cocoons may harbor sawflies. Look at the trunk, too — small holes with sawdust trails are a sign of bark beetles. Reject any tree that seems heavily infested with pests. Before bringing the Christmas tree in the house, shake it vigorously to dislodge insects and spiders. Remove any bird nests, as these can contain mites. If you want to be sure that you found all the bugs, putting the tree in a five-gallon bucket of water in the garage for a few days can serve your peace of mind. If you do want to go after bugs found on the tree, dust it with diatomaceous earth, which dries out any bugs it comes into contact with. Wear eye and face protection when applying, as its actually pulverized rock that you dont want in your eyes or lungs. Shake the tree to remove excess before bringing it inside. Christmas Tree Insects Indoors Whatever you do, do not spray aerosol pesticides on your Christmas tree, as these products are flammable! Insects require humidity to live, and most will desiccate and die within a matter of days. Additionally, they will be unable to survive without food. It is much safer, and better for your health, to simply vacuum up any dead insects you find.

Mountain Dew - 2117 Words

Corporate background Mountain Dew has been through many changes since it was introduced in 1942. It started out as a yellow-green drink in a green bottle that had a rush of citrus flavor and more sugar and caffeine than any other soft drink. During the introduction of Mountain Dew it was well known throughout the Eastern seaboard. At this time the objectives was to gain market share. Mountain Dew became popular because of the stock car racing circuit known as NASCAR. During the 1960s Mountain Dew’s objective was too continued with its heritage from where it originated and began having characters such as Willie to promote the brand. By the 1970s the Mountain Dew brand was assigned BBDO, and the objective for the ad agency was to†¦show more content†¦Also another opportunity is to come up with a new target market to reach new consumers. The number one threat is the innovation of new drink categories that is stealing away market share from Mountain Dew. Not being able tot stay competitive in this category can make or break a company. I think that the major competitors of Mountain Dew are faced with this same issue. I’m sure they are coming up with new ideas to compete with the new products and drink categories. Target Market Coming up with a target market that is consistent with Mountain Dew varies from decade to decade. Each Decade brings new cultural trend. Mountain Dew has done an excellent job at keeping up with these trends and targeting consumers that make their product something they can relate too. Right now Mountain Dew’s target market is male teens 18 years of age. Also trying to keep the brand appealing and create a cross-over appeal among the 20-39 year old males. The type of buyer that Mountain Dew is targeting is one who has an exhilarating lifestyle and associated with extreme sports. The characteristics of this buyer would be a male in his teens that wants to fit in and be associated with sports. Also this buyer wants to make you think he lives life on the edge and drinks carbonated soft drinks for energy. Mountain Dew’s marketing mix is strong due to the continual growth in sales. TheShow MoreRelatedMountain Dew Case Study1595 Words   |  7 PagesWha t is the ad campaign of Mountain Dew that created awareness to its consumers? What is the impact of the Mountain Dew Ad campaign to its prospective customers? How did Pepsi Cola Company respond to the growing threat of non-carbonated soft drinks, especially energy drinks and tea? ANSWERS: In 1992, senior management at PepsiCo sensed an opportunity to increase business on Diet Mountain Dew. Diet Mountain {draw:frame} Dews distribution was limited mostlyRead MoreMountain Dew998 Words   |  4 PagesMountain Dew: Selecting New Creative Introduction â€Å"Do the Dew!† This was a long time tag line for the Mountain Dew brand. In 1995 marketing managers for Mountain Dew realized the tag line had lost consumer interests, understanding this they changed the direction of the creative. Though the creative changed, the target market for Mountain Dew remained in line. Mountain Dew’s ad campaign between 1995 and 1999 did not fare extremely well. PepsiCo decided that in 2000 Mountain Dew would be featuredRead MoreMountain Dew1446 Words   |  6 PagesAug 13,2010 Case Analysis Mountain Dew: Selecting new Creative 1. Introduction:- Product/Brand under study – Mountain Dew is a Carbonated Soft Drink Invented by Hartman Beverage Company in 1940.Its Bright yellow – Green in color and has more sugar, Citrus flavor, and Less Carbonation as compared to the other soft drinks available in the market. It was taken over by PepsiCo in 1964 and now stands 3rd in the soft drinks category. 5 C’s:- Company – PepsiCo is one ofRead MoreMountain Dew914 Words   |  4 PagesMountain Dew: Selecting New Creative Back Ground * Mountain Dew was invented by the Hartman Beverage Company in Knoxville, Tennessee in the late 1940s. The bright yellow-green drink in the green bottle packed a powerful citrus flavor, more sugars and more caffeine that other soft drinks and less carbonation so that it could be drunk quickly. * Pepsi co. amazed by Dew’s success in what brand manager would come to call the â€Å"NASCAR belt† * Mountain Dew is looking a new concept andRead More Mountain Dew Essay1068 Words   |  5 PagesMountain Dew Its cool and refreshing. Its satisfying and invigorating. Its Mountain Dew. But its not just regular pop. Its a lifesaver that keeps many college students alert during strenuous moments in their college life. Mountain Dew is a favorite of many students on the GC campus because it is relatively cheap to purchase and not difficult to come across. This power drink can be found in the cafeteria, at the Leaf Raker, and in many of the vending machines on campus. StudentsRead MoreMountain Dew Essays1163 Words   |  5 PagesBryan Schaeffer Mountain Dew The Mountain Dew case centers on the decision that the BBDO team and Pepsi executives made in regards to the Super Bowl advertisements to be aired in 2000. The creative team came up with 10 possible scenarios. Since their meeting took place in October (4 months prior to the Super Bowl) they had little time to produce the ads. The 10 concepts were quickly whittled down to 5 and the executives wanted to whittle them down to 3 in which to produce. From those 3, theRead MoreMarketing Report on Mountain Dew8655 Words   |  35 PagesReport Of Mountain Dew Introduction: Company Description PepsiCo, Inc. is among the most successful consumer products companies in the world, with 1999 revenues of over $20 billion and 116,000 employees. The company consists of: Frito-Lay Company, the largest manufacturer and distributor of snack chips; Pepsi-Cola Company, the second largest soft drink business and Tropicana Products, the largest marketer and producer of branded juice. PepsiCo brands are among the best known and most respectedRead MoreMountain Dew: Market Analysis988 Words   |  4 PagesMountain Dew Mountain Dew is a sugary green drink that has quenched the thirst of millions of Americans for decades, practically ensuring its place as 20th century Americana. The brand originated as an early energizing drink that would keep mountain trekkers powered through their hikes and outdoor activities. Since these humble times, Mountain Dew has maintained an image of a very rural American drink, satisfying customers through vending machines and convenience. In the 21st century, howeverRead MoreRacism And Sexism : The Mountain Dew1004 Words   |  5 Pagesthese issues of racism and sexism especially violence against women, and how they systematically affect specific subsets of people. The Mountain Dew commercial is one of three, the very last commercial. It opens with a line-up of men and a goat. The woman is asked by the police officer to point to the assailant. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the Mountain Dew ad â€Å"Nasty Goat† from a cultural studies perspective by criti quing the criminalization of African American men as well as violence againstRead MoreThe Worst Month Ever?890 Words   |  4 Pagesme what I was doing. I told her I was watching TLC. After I told her, she told me that I was watching men. I was confused, but I remembered that she was not in her right mind. While I was sitting beside her, she told me told put the lid on her Mountain Dew bottle, so I did. Then she asked me to do it again and again, even though it was already screwed on. I went to the living room. I started believing that she is ready to go home to God, so when I got home that night, I prayed and prayed. I told

Is ethical theory applicable to practice Essay Example For Students

Is ethical theory applicable to practice Essay Is ethical theory useful in day to day life? Do I use ethical theory to make a choice? I will use three philosophers, Alasdair MacIntyre, Jonathan Bennett, and Mary Midgley to assist me in answering these questions. In her work â€Å"Trying Out One’s New Sword† Midgley argues against moral isolationism. The notion that one can only fully understand our culture and that we should not attempt to judge other cultures because we simply don’t understand them. She uses the example of a Japanese samurai trying out his new sword on someone of a lower caste than him to make sure that the sword will work in battle. In order to bring honor to his ancestors, emperor, and himself his sword has to bisect a person from the shoulder to the flank in one blow. The â€Å"guinea pig† used in this experiment has to suffer from one or more undoubtedly painful blows. According to Midgley, us Westerners should not be horrified by this custom, if we were to follow the moral isolationism perspective.To do something for the sheer sake of honor is so foreign to us that we can not judge this action by the ancient Japanese. Midgley quickly rejects the notion of moral isolationism on several grounds. First, if we are unable to judge other cultures then we are incapable of either praising them or criticizing them. Second, if we can not judge other cultures then they should not be able to criticize our culture. Third, and most importantly, if we can not judge other cultures then we can not judge our own culture either. This is because we learn from other cultures, they give us a range of different actions that can be taken. Also our own â€Å"American† culture has so much variation that it can not be considered one single entity. Midgley writes:â€Å"In short, moral isolationism would lay down a ban on moral reasoningThe power of moral judgment is, in fact, not a luxury, not a perverse indulgence of the self-righteous. It is a necessityWithout opinions of this sort judgments, we would have no framework of comparison for our own policy, no chance of profiting by other people’s insights or mis takes† (Arthur, Pg.86-87)What Midgley is saying is that moral reasoning is not something that we can do without. Whether we think it is useful or not, we still use it in order to know what to avoid and what to go for. Our ability to judge other cultures has helped ours evolve and it is what will keep us evolving. Moral reasoning is what keeps our criminal justice system going, without it we would then live in a state of anarchy and disorder. Alasdair MacIntyre, wrote in his lecture â€Å"Is Patriotism a Virtue?† about where does our morality come from. He argues that morality comes from the community we live in. Without our sense of morality we would be unable to live within a community. It is our morality that keeps the community together, if we were to have conflicting views in the most basic levels then our community would fall apart. He writes â€Å"I need those around me to reinforce my moral strengths and assist me in remedying my moral weaknesses† (Arthur Pg.56). This quote ties in very well with Midgley ‘s argument that without morality there would be chaos because if morality comes from our community, and if it is our common morality that holds a community together, then without morality our inability to judge what is good or evil will also keep us from forming groups. What both Midgley and MacIntyre did not argue about was the possibility that their own morality might be bad. I will refer th e term bad morality to any set of morals that would restrict a person’s right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb , .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb .postImageUrl , .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb , .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb:hover , .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb:visited , .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb:active { border:0!important; } .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb:active , .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub977d900db4fe43bfdd59b8aa64e55bb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Veldt EssayJonathan Bennett considers bad morality when he explains the conscience of Huckleberry Finn. When Huck Finn runs away from home he befriends an escaped slave called Jim, and then against his own morality Huck helps Jim escape towards freedom. For us it would not only be our morality but also our sympathy that would lead us to help Jim escape his owners, for

Surviving the elements Essay Example

Surviving the elements Essay White-hot sun searing innocent flesh, furious blizzards freezing the earth over, intense storms and hammering rain making us shiver. The restless wailing winds blowing against our weary faces. Spine chilling darkness scratching at our subconscious minds reminding us the unknown is alive and on the hunt, natural elements of our planet have set humans out to find safe havens since the dawn of time. We need shelters to survive. Humans are a fragile race; and a shelter is our only protection against the cruel environment. In the fictional novel, Lord of the Flies, Ritter by William Gilding shows Just how important shelters and homes are to our survival. He also shows that not only is our world cruel but also those who inhabit it. Inside us all there is a beast put down to slumber by the mere idea of civilization. We all have the logic in us to do whatever we have to, in order to survive. We know the importance of survival; it is our most primal instinct. But to live in, and build a community where civilization is intact there has to be equality, or else it will come to a devastating end. We will write a custom essay sample on Surviving the elements specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Surviving the elements specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Surviving the elements specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When building a shelter people have to keep in mind all of these tactics in order to have a successful team. Everything and everyone on this planet has fears. It can be something as small as spiders, or something our imaginations conjure up, but then there is something bigger that we all dread. Some of us do not even admit it is there. Most will simply say it is a divine power that we are right to fear. Someday we shall find ourselves looking into a vast mouth scared out of our wits, we will see blackness within, a blackness that spreads(Gilding 144). We will witness the horrid dark. This blackness is the night of the human soul, an unnatural, dark night. It engulfs us and figuratively follows us everywhere we go. Sometimes, it is like Mimi catch yourself feeling as if, there is something behind you all the time (Gilding 53). But it is truly inside, not behind. Even if you are within the protection of your home. It is Just an uneasy feeling that we all have experienced, the feeling of being watched And hunted. Frequently for us the houses we build block out a great amount of our fear. We need protection from the outside world, each other, and ourselves. People know of course that we cannot escape the evil within us, yet we try. Sometimes we can elude this evil; though once we realize what we really are we weep, for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart(Gilding). We are the biggest threats in the world, and a shelter, a place where we are surrounded by walls somehow contains our humanity. Our mindset is, if we have something containing and protecting us from what is outside, than we are also protected from what is inside. Though deep in our minds we know that is not the case. If we are put out into the world unprotected we snap. This is why when stranded on an island humans will loose all self control. In a way Shelters contain civilization. But why, if we have this physical form of comfort, are we still afraid; is it Just the fact of knowing what we are capable of, knowing what and who we truly are? Our natural instinct to survive has evolved miraculously over the centuries. If it meaner surviving we are willing to crouch down in a thicket for hours, with a spear ready to Jab any wreath(Gilding 191). We will find a way to survive, though without the protection of our homes we are vulnerable, timid creatures. There are few things that are as outside world, it protects our minds from going utterly insane at the thought of our evil twins coming out to cause destruction. If lost one goal comes to our minds an acute need to get home, to get out, there comes an incredible ability to adapt and preserve. Our nature demands it(Petersen). If we are placed in a life threatening situation we know to Stay alive, thats what its all about(Petersen). Most people would do anything to keep breathing, saw off an arm to escape Revert to cannibalism to fend off starvation Kill to stay alive. We become so extremely vulnerable, we will do absolutely anything to stay alive. Longing for our homes while we are away, people tend to tie themselves to their material items and places of protection. While homesick one might dream of rescue; but when faced by the brute obtuseness of the ocean, one was clamped down, one was helpless, one is condemned(Soldiering). We have created such a civilization where our homes are seed purely for our protection and minds comfort. When away we go a little bit batty. Because we cannot protect ourselves, from ourselves though we try to; and we cannot even to begin to protect without our material comforts. We tell ourselves that we are good-natured human beings and we are civilized, but deep inside us we all know that our instinct to survive is stronger than any other force. All we have to keep our way of life safe and stable is our humanity, and sometimes in the midst of struggles our learned civilized behavior slips away. Because of the primal instinct we eve to solely survive. We have been imprinted with one statement. Do whatever you have to, in order to survive. Our entire planets history shows that without equality our communities will fail. From the very beginning people will turn on those who are weaker than them, calling them mean names and bark shut up fatty'(Gilding). In order to shut the person down when people are Judged and are considered unequal it sparks something inside of us. Our primal instincts come out and fight back to become equal. After all we are the same. Why should some of us be considered less Han others? The most important aspect of civilization is having equality. Not meaning that we all would have to be good at the same things, but all Jobs in a community should be considered equally important. Once we put effort into equalizing people and their positions, our communities thrive. It is impossible to be at the head of the table when you are sitting in a circle(Hunt). Surviving by your self is a challenge but with the help of a community it becomes quite simple. Everyone has to feel welcome, comfortable being themselves, and equal. With this our civilized action is born. We have prevailed through the intense heat of the sun, we have made sturdy walls to sway the wind away from our chilled bodies, and we have put roofs over our heads to protect us from the horrific thunderstorms and pounding rains. We have hidden our fears deep within the labyrinth of our minds, to amplify the comfort that our shelter provides. Our society has adapted and adjusted itself for centuries, so that we can better enjoy our time on this planet. As a people we have invented a nation where we all feel connected and equalized by something bigger than us all. But we do not realize this thing that connects us, this invisible powerful force is the beast inside us. It truly does terrify us but it is one thing that we all have in common. Take away our man made shelters and you take away our humanity, our civilized nature. Without this little protection, our imaginations run wild with fear. We become them tranquil thoughts. From that point on what has been put to sleep awakens. From that point on we will do what we have to in order to survive. Shelter is essential to our survival, without it we are animals. Shelter tames the beast within.

Business turnaround

The Renault company best known for its innovative and design was to undergo a turnaround with the Japanese motor giant, Nissan. The Nissan has a prolonged fame of producing quality engine systems. The two companies agreed to form a major strategic alliance. This alliance would be the fourth largest car making company across the globe. The Renault was to assume $ 5.4 billion of Nissan’s debt.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Business turnaround – Renault and Nissan company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This alliance made sense for both sides since the Nissan Company’s strengths would cover the gaps of the Renault company and vice versa. The Renault was to reduce the much debt owed to the Nissan industry. The success of the alliance would purely depend on the conversion of the Nissan of the Nissan industry into a profitable and rising business as proposed by Schweitzer. An earlier attemp t by the Renault Company to merge with Volvo was not successful due to the traditional state control of the player countries. Before the idea of turnaround had emerged, Nissan Company was really struggling to earn the estimated profits. The cost of making a Nissan vehicle was extremely high hence; its market price for its products were high compared to other firms in the industry. The company stock had to accumulate since it would pile more than million more cars each single year. This made the company accumulate more and more debts. In order for the company to protect its identity and maintain self-esteem for its people merger was the most appropriate option as at that time. Currently, the turnaround has achieved more success beyond its imagination. Nissan is very profitable, and its identity has been on the upward growth. The successful turnaround of the two companies is due to the mobilization of the Nissan managers through cross-functional teams meant to spearhead radical change s and maintenance corporate culture by the Renault Company. The Nissan Company made new culture by dramatically breaking its past traditional culture. This enabled it to save money and alienate form the persistent loss making habit associated with the former method. The company had to dismantle the Keiretsu investments to realize its capital locked up in these in this real-estate investment. In a close analysis, the major problem of the Nissan Company was not only financial constraint but also cultural difficulties. Its older employees stuck down more money and power than they did actually perform breeding complacency to the company hence undermining its competitiveness. This culture made the company realize more loses, as its customers did not consider how the company undertook the process. However, what the customer required was well-designed and quality products at affordable prices. The company had no choice but to drop this culture and ditch the seniority rule. The company also revamped its compensation system and focused on performance. The company also had another culture of blame where in the case of failure it was due to another persons fault.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The success of such turnaround is ensured by building a trust through transparency within the operations of the two parties. In this alliance, building transparency was through keeping promises and providing totally clear and verified reports. The transparency was through ensuring each party knew what the other was doing and had a record the expected outcome. The alliance has moved form cross-function to cross company. The two companies had to set up series of joint ventures and formed legal structures that effected the cross-company plan. The companies set respect as the motivating factor for their combined dealings. Since the Renault was not the Nissan’s pref erred partner bestowing respect was an important aspect for long-term friendship. Generally, Nissan’s identity and culture have been the main cause of its success. The relationship between the two companies has grown greatly despite the fact that at the inception Nissan was more of a leaner than the Renault. This coursework on Business turnaround – Renault and Nissan company was written and submitted by user Eliseo Mcgowan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

5 Simple Ways to Building a Great Reputation at Work

5 Simple Ways to Building a Great Reputation at Work Your good reputation is something you should start to cultivate right out of the gate in your first job, and continue to build and protect throughout your career. The better your reputation, the easier it will be for you to move up and keep going in the direction of your dreams. Here are  5 simple ways to building a great reputation at work so you can continue to cultivate your reputation and move up in the world.1. Earn before you askYou know you’re going to do good work and be an asset. You also know you’re going to need to ask for a favor now and then- some PTO, an extra privilege. Have a bit of patience and wait to ask for these perks until you’ve really proven yourself. Show your reliability and don’t ask for anything until you’ve earned it. Down the line, you’ll find you have much more leeway.2. Take initiativeTackle that big project without being asked to do so first. You won’t always get specific assignments, and you certainl y won’t get graded feedback. Think beyond your immediate to-do list and figure out what you could do to help the company- and yourself grow. Sometimes this is as simple as cleaning out the supply closet and earning a few brownie points.3. Be tactfulEven when you’re right, it’s best to couch your opinions with a bit of politicking and humility. Wait to bluster around until you’ve earned that position with battle-tested experience. At the beginning at least, be tactful and try not to come off as an insufferable know-it-all.4. Keep work first with work friendsSome of your best adulthood friends will be friends you make in the workplace. But keep in mind that, at least while you work together, these are professional relationships first and foremost. Even if the company seems totally close-knit, don’t leap into intimate secret telling too quickly. Let it happen naturally. Keep your cards a bit closer to your chest until you’re on more solid groun d.5. Get it doneAsking for help and getting clarifying instructions from your supervisor is a great idea, particularly in your first few weeks, and particularly when you’re still learning the ropes. But after a certain amount of time, you need to learn when to just figure it out and get it done, rather than running to your boss. Remember, they hired you to do the job, not so they could hold your hand.

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS - Essay Example He communicates so that he gathers information and communicates analysis findings. The analyst should stick to a professional code of ethics (Shelly and Harry 2012). In addition, he must be self-disciplined as well as self-motivated. The analyst can use the approaches to systems analysis and design (SDLC, CASE, and OOM); waterfall, agile methodologies. Another approach is the open source software, CASE tools (Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools offer automation of a variety of systems analysis processes.) In an organization, systems are interrelated (have a common relationship) and interconnected (have an association or conjugation). There are different system types, and they apply at diverse Management levels: They can be grouped a systems pyramid. Some of them are: Transaction Processing Systems (TPS), Knowledge Work Systems (KWS), Office Automation Systems (OAS), Management Information Systems (MIS), Expert Systems (ES), Decision Support Systems (DSS) and Executive Support Systems (ESS) (Shelly and Harry 2012). ERP Systems helps the flow of information among the functional areas of the organization. Depicting systems graphically/diagrammatically can be done by use of; Context Level Data Flow Diagrams (CL DFD), Entity Relationship Diagram (E-R) and Use Case Diagrams/Use Case Scenarios. Special tools along with techniques assist the analyst make requirement determinations. Tools like data flow diagrams (DFDs) that chart the input, processes, output of the functions of the business, or sequence diagrams to illustrate the sequence of events, demonstrate systems in a structured and graphical form (Shelly and Harry 2012). A project is a short-term endeavor done to create an exclusive product, service, or outcome. Their nature indicates that a project has a specific start and conclusion. Project management applies knowledge, tools, skills and techniques to project practices to meet the project requirements.

Article Rebuttal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Article Rebuttal - Essay Example The politics of same-sex marriage is deeper than a mere proclamation. There are numerous fault lines that are built due to the cultural issues in the American politics (Rimmerman & Wilcox 2007). The gay rights law has expanded over the years increasing the members of the community to become large enough to fight for a separate seat in elections. What has really compelled opponents of the same-sex marriage is the focus that gay marriage has received in the state court through their efforts. The community has managed to sponsor its case through major litigating groups such as the â€Å"Lamdba Legal in New York, GLAD in Boston and NCLR in San Francisco†. In the absence of these national groups the ACLU Gay and Lesbian Rights project gets involved (Rimmerman & Wilcox 2007). It is for this reason that the focus on same-sex marriage has increased in the recent years. Bronner states that the opponents are frequently requested to accept the gay marriage as part of the American culture to an extent that even Presifent Obama agreed to accept the new addition in the most welcoming manner. Mr. Blankenhorn, however, is not concerned with the ethics and morality of the act itself. He believes that the same-sex marriage is the major cause in the decline in general marriage patterns in the society. He lays stress on the institution of marriage as being a healthy and significant part of the society. He is merely using the language of morality when he speaks of marriage and indirectly, despite his denial, is addressing the religious or biblical justification for going against the same-sex marriage (Bronner 2012). Mr. Blankenhorn indeed is giving the most unfortunate acceptance for the gay-marriage. But what the author seems to overlook is the fact that the situation is not as simple as it may seem to be (Bronner 2012). The whole idea of marriage has largely evolved in recent years because of the pressure that the

Critically discuss issues with determining recommendations for vitamin Essay

Critically discuss issues with determining recommendations for vitamin D intake - Essay Example The proceeding process is their hydroxylation to form 25-hydroxyvitamin. The total of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 together with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in serum is used as an indicator of vitamin D nutritional status. Studies indicate that this level increases following exposure to sunlight, or dietary intake of vitamin D (Rajakumar et al., 2014). 25-hydroxyvitamin D is hydroxylated to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) in the kidney, a reaction catalyzed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase. Regulation of this reaction is by serum phosphorus, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production has also been demonstrated in the skin, parathyroid gland, breast, colon, prostate, and immune system and bone cells. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D then binds to a receptor of vitamin D in the nucleus of a cell and recruits retinoic acid X receptor. This VDR/RXR complex binds small sequences of DNA called vitamin D response elements (VDREs) (Battault et al., 2013). It then initiates a cascade of molecular interactions that modulate the transcription of specific genes. Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphorus homeostasis that are necessary for the maintenance of bone mineralization (Vieth, 2012). In the endocrine system Vitamin D regulates insulin secretion. Investigation shows that it is a potent immune system modulator. It also exhibits effects in the cardiovascular system regulating blood pressure. Severe vitamin D deficiency results in a condition known as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults since it is important for development and maintenance of the bone structure (Persson et al., 2013). Osteoporosis has been linked to secondary hyperthyroidism caused by vitamin D deficiency. Increased PTH secretion by the parathyroid glands result in increased bone resorption increasing the bone breakdown and precipitate osteoporosis. Cancer,

Strategic Management Is The Dynamic Process Of Formulation Marketing Essay

Strategic Management Is The Dynamic Process Of Formulation Marketing Essay Strategic management is the dynamic process of formulation, implementation, evaluation and control of strategies to realize the organizations strategic intent. Strategic management is a dynamic process. In this particular course work of strategic planning module the company which I have selected is Cadbury India, a company with a great marketing structure, strategic planning and with a strong value among the customers all over the globe. Company History Cadbury India The Company was incorporated on 19th July 1948, as a private limited company under the name of Cadbury-Fry (India) Private Limited and commences business soon thereafter. Gradually the Company undertook at its own cost and responsibility the development of cocoa growing in the country. A specialist cocoa advisory service was created. A cocoa research centre was also created together with seeding nurseries and distribution centers. Through its subsidiary, Induri Farm Ltd., the Company had set up facilities near Pune to breed cattle that would give improved yield of milk at economic feeding costs. Strategic Corporate Development History of Cadbury Inc . 1919 undertook a merger with J. S. Fry Sons, another chocolate manufacturer which saw the integration of well-known brands such as Frys Chocolate Cream and Frys Turkish Delight Cadbury merged with drinks company Schweppes to form Cadbury Schweppes in 1969 Cadbury Schweppes went on to acquire Sunkist, Canada Dry, Typhoo Tea and more. In the US, Schweppes Beverages was created and the manufactures of Cadbury confectionery brands were licensed to Hersheys. Triarc sold Snapple, Mistic and Stewarts (formerly Cable Car Beverage) to Cadbury Schweppes in 2000 for $1.45  billion. In October of that same year, Cadbury Schweppes purchased Royal Crown from Triarc. In March 2007, it was revealed that Cadbury Schweppes was planning to split its business into two separate entities: one focusing on its main chocolate and confectionery market; the other on its US drinks business. The demerger took effect on 2 May 2008, with the drinks business becoming Dr. Pepper Snapple Group Inc. In December 2008 it was announced that Cadbury was to sell its Australian beverage unit to Asahi Breweries. In 2008 Monkhill Confectionery, the Own Label trading division of Cadbury Trebor Bassett was sold to Tangerine Confectionery for  £58million cash. This sale included factories at Pontefract, Cleckheaton and York and a distribution centre near Chesterfield, and the transfer of around 800 employees. On 19 January 2010, it was announced that Cadbury and Kraft Foods had reached a deal and that Kraft would purchase Cadbury for  £8.40 per share, valuing Cadbury at  £11.5bn (US$18.9bn). Kraft, which issued a statement stating that the deal will create a global confectionery leader, had to borrow  £7  billion (US$11.5bn) in order to finance the takeover. These are the main strategic developments, which took place within Cadbury Inc. till now. Cadbury Inc has taken major strategic decision throughout their operations but at the end it is being taken over by Krafts. Above-mentioned are the strategic developments of Cadbury Inc. Cadbury India has applied both Corporate-Level Strategies as well as Business-Level Strategies. Corporate-Level Strategies and business-Level Strategies of Cadbury India Introduction of new product-line named Star and Gems chocolates in 1967 and 1968 respectively. After the conversion of Cadbury India from private limited company to public limited company on 11th June in 1977, an agreement was entered into with Cadbury Overseas Ltd., (COL) U.K., on 3rd May1977, for technical services concerning new products and processes. Cadbury India entered into an agreement with CSOL for the grant of a license for continued use of the word `Cadbury as part of the Companys corporate name. Industrial license for the apple juice project was received and the project was commissioned on 16th September, 1980. On 17th December 1982, the name of the Company was changed from Cadbury India Ltd. to Hindustan Cocoa Products Ltd., consequent to 60% of its shares being held by the Indian public. In 1985, Cadbury India explored the possibilities of entering into the business of software export. In 1987, in chocolate group, the Company launched new products such as `Crackle, `Orange, `Strawberry Krisp, `Mello, and `Wildlife bar. In the foods drinks, the Cadbury India launched `Choc O Cheer. In 1988, the Chocolate division introduced some more new products to upper and lower ends of the market. In the food drinks area, a higher protein drink under the brand name `Enriche was successfully introduced. The Company diversified into ice-cream market and a product under the Brand name `Dollops. With effect from 18th July 1993, the Companys Ice Cream business comprising manufacturing arrangements with two well known brands Dollops Lopstop was transferred to Brooke Bond India Ltd. for a consideration of Rs 1062.65 lakhs and an assurance from the company to Brooke Bond that they would not make or sell Ice creams for a period of 8 years. In 1994, The Company undertook a modernization and rationalization programme at its Malanpur factory at a cost of Rs 40 crores. In 1995, Perk was launched from its Malanpur plant. Towards the end of1996, the Company has launched a new range of sugar confectionery, `Googly, a trangy, fizzy fruit flavored candy in Chennai under the brand name `Trebor. In 1997, Cadbury India Ltd has launched Truffle flavored soft centre moulded chocolate bar. The product was launched in Calcutta, Mumbai and New Delhi during October with subsequent launches planned in Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad and other mini-metros in a phased-manner in November. In 1997, Cadbury India launched its well-known beverage Bournvita in sachets. In 1999, Cadbury India Ltd has launched a new product, `Nice Cream, under its sugar confectioner business. The sugar candy has been launched only in Mumbai. In 2000, Cadburys has introduced Perk Slims, a slimmer version of the wafe. The Company has re-launched Perk, its chocolate-coated wafer; it has four new layers covered in Cadbury Dairy Milk Chocolate. Cadbury India Ltd. has launched a range of gift packs for Diwali. The Company had entered into a Memorandum of understanding on July 5th, to sell its immovable property at Colaba, Mumbai. Cadbury Schweppes Plc acquires 39.34% stake in its Indian subsidiary Cadbury India Ltd. Cadbury Schweppes Pcl developed a new phenomenon allowing its consumers to define its brand profile. Cadbury India tapping unconventional marketing channels like non-retail chains to drive their market expansion. In 2002, Cadburys buy out of Pfizers confectionary brand is expected to set a strong base in the oral gratification category. In 2003, Cadbury has roped in advertising firm called Lemon to handle creative for its products temptation and milt treat. Cadbury India has dropped Carat India and roped in Madison Media for the media planning and buying. Cadbury India tied up with BPL Mobile for SMS vending services. Thus, we can see from above almost all the corporate -level as well as Business-Level Strategies are adopted by Cadbury India to expand as well as to avoid mishaps. Cadbury India Cadbury India has used different strategies at different situation. They have under gone mergers and acquisition, buyouts, demergers, tie-ups, etc. Current Strategic Situation Cadbury India is a fully owned subsidy of Kraft Foods Inc. The combination of Kraft Foods and Cadbury creates a global powerhouse in snacks, confectionery and quick meals. Cadbury India is currently the worlds No.1 confectionery and biscuit company. Cadbury India is the worlds second-largest food company with sales in approximately 160 countries. Currently, Cadbury India operates in four categories viz. Chocolate Confectionery, Milk Food Drinks, Candy and Gum category. In the Chocolate Confectionery business, Cadbury has maintained its undisputed leadership over the years. Some of the key brands in India are Cadbury Dairy Milk, 5 Star, Perk, Éclairs and Celebrations. In the Milk Food drinks segment Cadburys main product is Bournvitta the leading Malted Food Drink (MFD) in the country. Similarly, in the medicated candy category Halls is the undisputed leader. Recently, Cadbury entered the gums category with the launch of our worldwide dominant bubble gumbrandBubbaloo. Since 1965 Cadbury has also pioneered the development of cocoa cultivation in India. For over two decades, Cadbury have worked with the Kerala Agriculture University to undertake cocoa research and released clones, hybrids that improve the cocoa yield. Cadbury conduct farmers meetings seminars to educate them on Cocoa cultivation aspects. These efforts have increased cocoa productivity and touched the lives of thousands of farmers. The strategies, which Cadbury follows, include: Build a high performing organization Reframe our categories Exploit our sales capabilities Drive down costs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ without compromising quality Environmental activity of Cadbury: Cadbury India takes care of the environment and enriches the quality of lives of the communities through a variety of result-oriented programs. Cadbury aim to look after the health and safety of our people and minimize the environmental impact of our business around the world. Cadbury India is committed to growing community value around the world. For our employees, this is about making a difference in the community. Other successful strategies adapted by Cadbury to their brands include: The interactive campaign for Pappu Pass Ho Gaya bagged a Bronze Lion at the prestigious Cannes Advertising Festival 2006 for Best use of internet and new media. The idea involved a tie-up with Reliance India Mobile service, allowed students to check their exam results using their mobile service, and encouraged those who passed their examinations to celebrate with Cadbury Dairy Milk. Cadbury Bytes is targeted at teens, as they are the largest consuming segment of packaged snack category. They are also the gateway to the family, especially for a new sweet snack. Cadbury Bytes is positioned as the only sweet snack in the world of salty snacks. Cadbury introduced Cadbury Bournvitta Quiz Contest, which started airing on April 12th 1972, is Indias longest running national school quiz contest. It was really a good strategy to boost-up the sales. The task was to get the youth audience to adopt Cadbury Dairy Milk in the sweet eating or muh meetha karna moments The campaign of Jab Pappu Pass Ho jaye, Kuch Meetha Ho jaye captured the thought of celebrating a moment of delight with Dairy Milk A campaign was built around the idea of how pappu celebrated passing his exams with Dairy Milk A multi-media campaign was launched on TV, Internet, Radio and Outdoor The key was how do own the moment of pappu passing his exams in the media space An innovative tie -up with Reliance web world was executed, wherein students across 66 examination boards across the company could access their results on Reword through their Reliance mobiles. If they passed a message congratulating them on their moment of delight from Dairy Milk was displayed We can see that how Cadbury India has managed and implemented their strategies over a period of time. The company has undergone various strategies like digitalization, various innovation were made to improve their products. Apart from that, they have introduced various products with good features and promoted them with the latest mode of promotion activities. It has been seen that one of the most important strategy at corporate-level was to launch products with innovation and their market strategies like campaigning. It was the trend with Cadbury, which has seen in the past decade. Moreover, in the present situation the company has underwent a turnaround strategy. It has been acquired by another company in Feb 2010 by Kraft Food. At present, it is fully owned subsidiary of Kraft Food. The company has made efficient use of internal and external sources their internal and sources are: Internal Sources: Employees: Employee of Cadbury India were well dedicated to their work and based upon their work only the company has reached to maximum height. In the same way the company has also provided ways and means to satisfy their employees. Employee retrenchment was very low in Cadbury India. Information System: Cadbury has a very good information system adopted. Later, they introduced digitalisation. Finance: the products produced by the company were in great demand that it generated large sales to the company, which helped in increased revenue for the firm. Marketing: The Company adopted various marketing techniques for the promotion of its products like campaigning, conducting contests in schools etc. Operations: In 1994, the company introduced rationalization and modernisation programmes. External Sources: Economic : The economic environment of Cadbury India includes the economic conditions like growth of company in India. Cadbury has very efficiently utilized the economic advantages. Market: The products of Cadbury India have been very efficiently targeted based upon the feature of the product. Cadbury India focused almost all the age group International: Cadbury has their branches in almost most all the countries. They adopted various international strategies like business alliance, mergers etc. To have international access. Technology: More and more efforts were being made to have technological advancement in their products. More or less, they have succeeded in delivering quality products like Cadbury milk chocolate, Bournvitta Energy Drink etc. Social: Cadbury India has undertaken various Corporate Social Responsibility Programmes, which has helped the society. As a part of their social activity, the company has constructed check water dam to store water. Cadbury India is committed to growing community value around the world. Conclusion Thus, we can say that Cadbury India has undergone various Corporate and Business-Level strategies to boost up their activities in almost all the spheres, both internal and external. They have strived a lot to attain the best position in the world. They have attained this with the strategies, which they followed in timely basis. They adopted various measures to face the competition. At last, they could not stop the hostile acquisition from Kraft Food Corporation. It was then with mutual understanding and agreement were converted into a mutual takeover by Kraft Food Corporation. At present Cadbury India is a fully owned subsidiary of Kraft Food. Again, the company should think of various other strategies, learning from the past pitfalls made. They should adopt various other strategies both in Corporate -level as well as in Business-Level. They should try to develop their RD and should come up with new products with greater level of innovation. Consumers need value to the product. Thus, Cadbury India should strive to attain maximum value to their products with reasonable cost targeting almost the entire community as a whole. The company should develop more and more community welfare programmes to improvise community growth as well. They should undertake programmes to develop the nation of the world. Cadbury India should try to concentrate on their strengths to face the threats and should work on their weaknesses to capture the opportunities that are there in the external environment. For that the first steps is to have a SWOT analysis and move on as per the requirement. Strategic Direction for the future In 2006, Cadbury chocolate was linked to a salmonella outbreak, later paying a hefty fine over a leaking factory pipe that contaminated its products. The company suffered a loss of  £30 million. There product have been recalled. Cadbury was looking to re-jig its image and make some smart decisions to save money on resources. Green promises may not put to rest consumers fears of contaminated products. To face this situation, the company set certain targets that include: 50% reduction of net absolute carbon emissions by 2020 with a minimum of 30% from in-company actions. 10% reduction in packaging used per tonne of product and 25% in the more highly packaged seasonal and gifting items. Use more environmentally sustainable forms of packaging aim for 60% biodegradable, with 100% of secondary packaging being recyclable? All water scarce sites to have water reduction programmes in place. The Company worked on these targets efficiently, and to a certain extent, still Cadbury is the market leader in Chocolates and energy drinks like Bournvitta. The company has to go long way to handle this situation. Recently Kraft Food has acquired them. Even though they are the subsidiary of Kraft Food, they should try taking necessary steps to have necessary long-term strategies to improve their standard in the market and continue their leadership in the market. They should try to learn from their past, the mistake or the mishaps, which occurred to them and destroyed their reputation in the market. The first think, which the company should do, is to have a SWOT analysis. Strengths of Cadbury India Global Coverage: the company has maintained a global level in its operations and have a good market share. Quality Products: The company offers quality products to the consumers which is a strength to the company Personnels: The Company is having well Hard-Woking staffs with them who are indulged in their work with full enthusiasm. Information technology: The Company has adopted digitalisation, which will help in networking processes. This can be utilised as strength by the company to improvise their market entry in a new market. Innovations: The Company has made innovations in their products as well as their process to face competition. They have adopted rationalisation and modernisation in their operations. Value to customers: The Company is providing value to customers by various ways and means. Cadbury is providing various well-accepted brands. Cadbury Chocolate: Cadbury is blessed with the brand Cadbury Chocolate. Still it is the best choice among the customers. Cadbury Bournvitta: In beverage section, Cadbury is blessed with Cadbury Bournvitta, a energy during mostly liked by kids and moms. Weaknesses of Cadbury India Past out break of contamination: Cadbury has gone through an out break of contamination in their products. It caused a bad reputation among the consumers. Incurred loss: The Company has incurred loss and lost its stability for the past three years from 2007. Opportunities to Cadbury India Cadbury India can enter new markets with the help of proper market research With the available technology, Cadbury can bring up with new version of the existing products and can grab the opportunities in the market. Cadbury can adopt various innovations in the products like adding extra flavour etc. The company can come up with new product-line Threats to Cadbury India Competition is the mostly affected threat to Cadbury. Competitors like Nestle are also the largest manufacturers of confectionery items. So, Cadbury has to take appropriate steps to face the competitive situation Consumers dislike with regard to the past out break issues may become a threat in future. These are the major developmental strategies, which have been adopted by Cadbury India to meet the target for 2011. 3D forming chocolate increased investment we have made in innovation, marketing and sales Thermostatic food grade packaging Methods for producing microscopic aeration in candy to provide new textures and mouth feel. Healthy additions to hard candy Alternative ingredients to menthol Cadbury India has grabbed opportunies in the market by these ways. Apart from these innovative strategies, Cadbury India has to undergo various other international strategies to increase the market share. Following are the likely ways by which Cadbury can increase there market share: The company should analysis the competitors strategies, their capabilities and future goals. By analysing this, Cadbury will be able to re-think of their strategies, their future goals and the capabilities they posses. This will help them to re-frame their strategies, goals with the capabilities they have, if need. Cadbury India can have niche strategies. They can concentrate on one particular brand and create niche market with proper innovation and product improvement. They can have integrative Cost leadership and differentiation strategies. It is possible through providing the product at low cost with the help of technologies that enable differentiation through focus on niche segment. Cadbury can adopt focus strategy by identifying a narrow target in terms of markets and customers. The company can have restructuring strategies in certain areas where they feel are weak. Cadbury India should identify an area where the company is incurring loss. After identifying that particular area or brand, they can adopt divesting strategy to stop completely the area which is causing loss to the company The company should analyse the internal environment prevailing in the organisation and should find out the loopholes. After identifying the correct problem, proper rehabilitation should be made. If the company finds that every thing is fine in the organisation and the organisation is ready to go forward with the existing products and plan, then the organisation should adopt No-change strategy. The company can have tie-ups with companies who can provide better expertise in all respect. Cadbury as what they have done in the past can have business alliance with other companies to boost up the profits. By have strategic alliances Cadbury can enter new markets, reduce their manufacturing costs, develop new technologies and diffuse them. Cadbury can have Joint ventures to gain access to new business in order to have advantage like, shared risks, combined expertise and effective utilisation of resources available with in the joint venture. They can reduce the hurdles like import quotas, tariffs, nationalistic-political interests and cultural roadblocks. Cadbury can either acquire a company, which is in the same line of production to have the advantage of efficient production of products with the available expertise of both the companies, and innovative ideas and improved processes or the company can merge with another company and start a new business having the same products with innovations. In the first case, the company need to have investment and in the second case, the company need not to invest more. Conclusion A company can expand their business in corporate level as well as in business level by many ways. The company has to choose the best among the available strategies based on the resources they have and what is their actual need. They have clearly identify what is their need and how are they going to achieve those need keeping in mind the internal and external environment.

Is it Constitutional to Bare Arms? Essay -- History

Is it Constitutional to Bare Arms? â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† These are the words of the second amendment as written by our forefathers. The question weather it is constitutionally legal or not has been debated for many years. In order to understand the true meaning of the above statement one must look back at the history surrounding it. The Bill of Rights was written over two hundred years ago, and much has changed over that period of time. Therefore, one must examine the language of the text again keeping in mind when it was written. I believe that it is constitutionally legal for individual citizens who are cable of bearing arms have the right to do so. To support my claim lets look back to our history books and we can see that after the Revolutionary War the Framers of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights were very leery of a strong government. One of the Public Affairs Director for the Second Amendment Foundations, states, â€Å"The Framers of the Constitution disturbed the national government enough to create the Bill of Rights. Why would they turn around and put so much faith in the stat governments? The Framers more likely distrusted all levels of government. This would be more consistent than trusting some level and not others† (LaCourse) At the time when the constitution was written Founding fathers just came out from the Revolutionary War ...

Diversity and Cross Cultural Differences in Work places Essay

Diversity and Cross-Cultural Differences in Workplaces Introduction            Different people have different mental structures due to the diverse type of personality and cultural background. The study of psychology has enabled people to know about the mental functioning of others making it easier individuals and groups to understand one another. Since people must interact in the day-to-day activities, there is need to harmonize this differences and create an environment where every member feel a sense of belonging. Psychological counseling plays an important role in preparing individuals to be more appreciative the cultural and personality difference existing between people. Psychology counseling is a field of psychology focusing on the personal and interpersonal working and on the emotional, social and health related issues of individuals and groups of people. This paper addresses issues arising from interaction of people with differences culture and behaviors. It also focuses on criminal investigation process in the psychological perspect ive.            Key words: psychopathology, personality, behavioral therapy, individualistic, diversity Diversity and Cross-Cultural Differences in Workplaces            Every individual is characterized by a unique pattern of thoughts, behaviors and feeling that contribute to individual’s psychological structure. Despite the fact that each individual is unique in personality resulting in diversity in peoples’ way of lives, people have always found themselves in crowds- be it in schools, places of worship, or any other social, political or economic gathering. Leininger and McFarland (2006) writes that the need to coexist in harmony compels persons to sometimes subordinate individual goals so that they can accomplish the goals of a group. Those individuals who are not mentally ready to accept the cultural and personality diversity between different people often find it hard to coexist with others.            Psychopathology has enabled counseling psychologist to understand the various aspects of one’s mental structure including genetic and biological issues. Psychologists are able to identify people who undergo atypical or disordered development from those with normal or typical development. It is paramount for coworkers to be aware of their colleagues’ mental structure so as to engage in the right way with them. This is crucial for the creation and maintenance of a healthy and productive working environment that is composed of persons with diverse personalities. In such a set up where workplace colleagues have to cope with different personality traits, one may find it hard to maintain a stable mental behavior and physical emotions and may suffer from maladjustment in case one is in a new environment. Counseling psychologists help such persons to alleviate distress and improve their wellbeing (Woolfe & Dryden, 1996). They also provide patients with assess ment and treatment of psychological issues.            Through behavioral analysis, one is able to systematically analyze another person’s or one’s own behavior so as to know cause of certain behaviors and consequently improve social interaction. Bad behaviors can be corrected or good behaviors adopted or through behavioral therapy. This is a method that is used bypsychotherapists and psychiatrists to treat mood disorders an anxiety usually caused by variables such as; social phobia, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and bipolar disorder. According to Lesilie (2008), behavioral treatment techniques include;Role playing, discussing about coping mechanisms, breathing and relaxation method, activities to promote focus, modifications to anger, pain or fear, social skills training, positive reinforcement.            These methods focus on individuals shaping their behavior to cope with the environment. When individuals with behavioral disorders try to change their behaviors to suit that required in the workplaces, they often find themselves struggling to relate with the others and this leads to seclusion and isolation. On the other hand behavioral therapy should focus aiding individuals acquire control over their own behavior and blending it with the requirements of the workplace. This is important because one manipulates the environmentand learns to control their own behavior without compromising their personality which is vital for maximum productivity. With one’s own personality, the reception of stimuli and the response is not affected and therefore there are no negative consequences influencing the next occasion in the brain (Lesilie, 2008).            Persons who find it hard to conform to workplace ethics due to cultural mismatches should set standards for assessing their own performance and progress in behavioral therapy. Techniques such as self-management, self-control and self-regulation are used to monitor one’s progress (Woolfe & Dryden, 1996). Behavioral modification procedures are not procedures to punish those people with different behaviors but they are techniques to eliminate non-conforming working behaviors and also facilitate cross-cultural understanding. The make the workplace to feel better and builds a sense of satisfactory. For psychologists to offer the relevant advice to a person suffering from mental disorder, they must first find out the patients’ personality and understand how they think, feel, relate, influence and get influenced by others.            For applied social psychologists to attend to a patient they must try to adopt the personality of the patient so that they can employ the best techniques to treat a patient without affecting the patients personality. In this perspective the psychologist is able to develop development strategies that are aimed at improving the important aspects, programs and policies for the patient to have a positive recovery. Psychologists should aim at eliminating the negative attitude that a patient may have towards colleagues or the workplace. This is aimed at improving intercultural understanding and to offer a neutral platform where no culture is viewed as less or more important than the other. With cross-cultural understanding people will tend to be more committed to working together improving productivity.            Nevertheless, cultural competence is healthy for the growth of an organization that comprises of people from diverse cultures (Leininger & McFarland, 2006). This should not be overshadowed by the tendency to express cultural superiority over others but should demonstrate the ability to effectively engage in cross-cultural dialogues without intimidating or negating another person’s culture. This requires one to appreciate social psychology and be in a position to balance between positive and negative criticism on another person’s culture. Since not all people are equipped with the understanding of social psychology, training on cultural competence should be conducted to avoid such problem from arising. Some cultures are individualistic while others are communists and this play a big role in defining how coworkers exist. This necessitates the need for effective cross-cultural team-building and training.            As colleagues engage in affairs of the workplaces, each and every one of them is entitled to a certain opinion which one would like to support. If such a situation gets tense, certain body changes occur such as breathing rates and emotional changes if certain people are intimidating others for decisions to go their way. Such a phenomenon may result in one becoming uncontrollable or violent. Biological psychology is concerned with balancingwhat the mind is processing and the effects it has on the body. It analyses how ones behaviors and thoughts are affected by the brain and neurotransmitters. Various neurotransmitters have different effects on the body. For instance, neurotransmitter dopamine is responsible for movement and learning. Varying quantities of excess or too little of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the body results in disorders such as schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease respectively. (Woolfe & Dryden, 1996).The comprehensive nature of bio-psy chology encompasses diversity and cross-cultural aspects of an organization. A bio-psychologist will reconcile individuals or groups of people that are not in agreement resulting in abnormal behaviors. When addressing such a conflict a bio-psychologist figures out in which area of bio-psychology the problem is. The following are the main areas of bio-psychology; sensation and perception, emotion, learning and memory, motivated behavior and control of movement (Woolfe & Dryden, 1996). Through these areas, bio-psychological problems and concerns are addressed.            Another area of psychology is the forensic psychology – an area that deals with the relationship between psychology and law. When a crime occurs, a criminal investigative process takes place in order to determine the offender, motive and to allow the right punishment if any to be given to the offender. The investigation involves investigative psychologist who explores the relationships between the offender and the nature of the crime that has been committed. The investigation process has the following major areas; investigating the crime, gathering evidence, use of technology, search and seizure, arresting and charging the offender who may also undergo detention and interrogation (Simon, 2012). Throughout this process forensic psychologists are involved as they help to establish a connection between an offender and the crimes committed. Essentially the forensic psychologist offers the following services during investigation process: evaluating the risks of r eoffending by the offender, child custody evaluation, recommending the length of the sentence to be handed to the offender, competence evaluation and testimony as an expert witness.            Simon (2012) says that throughout this period from crime commission to when the sentence is passed, a forensic psychologist will engage with the suspected offended in an attempt to get insight on the motive behind the offence. In some cases, the offender may be suffering from a mental disorder and it is the duty of the psychologist to psychological expertise to provide analysis and recommendations in the criminal case. In addition a psychiatrics’ examination is required to determine whether the offender/suspect suffers from a mental illness an opinion that is taken to be of very high value by the court since it might require the court to charge the offender as a mentally challenged person and this also influences the type of prison the offender is to serve the sentence. In conclusion psychological is an aspects great and delicate influence on the diversity and cross cultural differences existing in workplaces. Coworkers should work towards enhancing intercul tural understanding and acceptance. References Leininger, M.M. & McFarland, R.M. (2006). Culture Care Diversity and Universality: A Worldwide Nursing Theory. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Lesilie, C.J. (2008). Principles of Behavioral Analysis. Hove, UA: Psychology pr.Simon ,D. (2012). In Doubt. The Psychology of the Criminal Justice Process. Cambridge, CB: Havard University Press.Woolfe, A, & Dryden, W. (1996). Handbook of Counseling Psychology. Oxfordshire, OS: Carfax International Publishers. Source document

Free Essays on The Importance Of Business Ethics

The Importance of Business Ethics Business Ethics is one of the most challenging issues facing the corporate world today, here in the United States and abroad. The corporate world has been involved in a number of ethical scandals which involves several activities, which includes tax evasion, racial discrimination, insider trading, employee drug and alcohol abuse, and many more. Business ethics has a huge impact on the survival of many organizations. " Ethical managers in the corporate world considers what is best in short term instances, but also by the long term effects a particular decision will have on its customers, suppliers, employees, the environment, and the community. The ethical decisions that managers' make is vital on his and the company’s reputation" (Prickett). In this paper I will discuss different examples of unethical business ethics that consumers should be aware of. â€Å"A definition of what constitutes good ethical behavior is sometimes difficult. This can be due to the fact that there are several underlying ethical theories,†( Hoffman 58). Therefore there is no precise definition of what constitutes good business ethics. Ethical conduct goes beyond just abiding by the law, because conduct that is legal can still be unethical. That is why it is imperative for businesses in the corporate world to constitute what is the best ethical method for them. Ethical behavior is good for business, which is shown in a study by the Ethics Resource Center in Washington, D.C. This study shows that companies that had a written commitment outperformed by nearly nine times as high as companies that had no written commitment. (Hoffman 9) So, what constitutes a deceptive advertisement or fraudulent practice in business? Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Act of 1912 gave the FTC the power to attack unfair and deceptive acts of business practice. In order to be considered deceptive under the ... Free Essays on The Importance Of Business Ethics Free Essays on The Importance Of Business Ethics The Importance of Business Ethics Business Ethics is one of the most challenging issues facing the corporate world today, here in the United States and abroad. The corporate world has been involved in a number of ethical scandals which involves several activities, which includes tax evasion, racial discrimination, insider trading, employee drug and alcohol abuse, and many more. Business ethics has a huge impact on the survival of many organizations. " Ethical managers in the corporate world considers what is best in short term instances, but also by the long term effects a particular decision will have on its customers, suppliers, employees, the environment, and the community. The ethical decisions that managers' make is vital on his and the company’s reputation" (Prickett). In this paper I will discuss different examples of unethical business ethics that consumers should be aware of. â€Å"A definition of what constitutes good ethical behavior is sometimes difficult. This can be due to the fact that there are several underlying ethical theories,†( Hoffman 58). Therefore there is no precise definition of what constitutes good business ethics. Ethical conduct goes beyond just abiding by the law, because conduct that is legal can still be unethical. That is why it is imperative for businesses in the corporate world to constitute what is the best ethical method for them. Ethical behavior is good for business, which is shown in a study by the Ethics Resource Center in Washington, D.C. This study shows that companies that had a written commitment outperformed by nearly nine times as high as companies that had no written commitment. (Hoffman 9) So, what constitutes a deceptive advertisement or fraudulent practice in business? Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Act of 1912 gave the FTC the power to attack unfair and deceptive acts of business practice. In order to be considered deceptive under the ...

Aphasia †Communication Impairment

Aphasia – Communication Impairment Free Online Research Papers Aphasia is a general term used to describe one or more disorders that have caused the loss or impairment of the ability to speak or communicate. (Akmajian Demers, and Harnish 1979:306) This can be caused by disease ( such as a brain tumor), dementia, stroke or physical injury to the brain itself. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) estimates that 80,000 people acquire aphasia every year and that approximately one million people in the U.S. have currently been diagnosed, most of these have been due to stroke. (www.nidcd.nih.gov) In this paper I will be addressing the varied causes of aphasia, its effect on language and its treatment. It would be nearly impossible to talk of aphasia without addressing its root causes, which is usually damage to one of the two major language centers of the brain that are often associated with this illness, namely, Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area. In 1861 a French surgeon named Paul Broca described a patient with severe speech impairment; after the patient died it was revealed that they had sustained an injury to the posterior inferior part of the left frontal lobe (see fig. 1). This area is now known as Broca’s area (Akmajian Demers, and Harnish 1979:307). A little over a decade after Broca’s findings, in 1874 a German physician, Karl Wernicke, described patients with brain lesions who also had severe speech deficits; the lesions however were not located in Broca’s area. The damage had occurred in another area, the left posterior temporal lobe (see fig. 1). These findings together led to the inference that these two areas of the brain play crucial but different roles in speech and communication. Damage to these areas manifests itself differently, leading to separate but similar pathologies. Damage to Broca’s area results in what is termed Broca’s aphasia which is also called nonfluent or motor aphasia. (Clark, Eschholz and Rosa 1998:637) This kind of aphasia is characterized by short, halting, agrammatical speech that is often devoid of articles and prepositions. We are given this example from a patient with Broca’s aphasia; â€Å"The patient is trying to describe a picture showing a boy stealing cookies from a cookie jar while his chair is tipping over; a little girl is helping him. Their mother stands at the window staring into space while the sink in front of her overflows.† (Clark, Eschholz and Rosa 1998:637) Cookie jar†¦fall over†¦chair†¦water†¦empty†¦ov†¦ov†¦[Examiner: â€Å"overflow?†] Yeah. (637) Through Wernicke’s research he found that people without damage to Broca’s area but with damage to the temporal lobe where Wernicke’s area is located, developed speech pathologies that were quite different from Broca’s aphasia. Patients suffering from Wernicke’s aphasia often have little or no trouble producing long sentences with proper grammar. The speech itself though is often unintelligible with unnecessary and/or made up words. (Clark, Eschholz and Rosa 1998:637-38) In the text of Language: Readings in language and culture, a patient with Wernicke’s aphasia attempts to describe the same picture that the aforementioned Broca’s aphasiatic tried to describe: Well, this is†¦mother is away here working out o’here to get her better, but when she’s working, the two boys looking in the other part. One their small tile into her time here. She’s working another time because she’s getting too. (638) This led Wernicke to create the first model of language processing in the brain. Wernicke proposed that the words and meanings are stored in Wernicke’s area, after drawing a word from this area the thought is transmitted to Broca’s area by way of a bundle of nerves called the arcuate fasciculus. Once it reaches Broca’s area the sound structure of the intended speech is sent to the motor cortex where it then is transmitted as various commands to the physical areas related to speech (tongue, lips etc). Finally, language emerges. (Clark, Eschholz and Rosa 1998:638) Aphasia is not always as clear cut as the preceding paragraphs seem to make it however. Factors such as the location of the injury, the patient’s age and health are all complicit in how severe the aphasia is and how it expresses itself. (nidcd.nih.gov/) Often in the case of Broca’s aphasia partial paralysis may occur as it is quite close to the motor cortex. It can also manifest itself in areas other than oral communication such as reading and writing, and in fact is often more severe in these areas. To further complicate matters, the same types of aphasia do not have the same symptoms in different languages, causing researchers to search for language specific symptoms and universal symptoms. (nidcd.nih.gov/) The diagnosis of aphasia can be performed by a speech pathologist who can examine the patient’s ability to comprehend speech, communicate orally, read and write. Other factors are also taken into account such as the ability to swallow, the ability to follow directions, both simple and complex. After this the mode of treatment that is best suited to the individual can be determined. (nidcd.nih.gov/) The basic form of treatment involves work with the speech pathologist to focus on specific aspects of language that have been affected by the brain. Exercises such as naming objects and following directions can be increased in complexity as the patient improves. Sometimes it may be better, or even necessary, for a patient to communicate primarily with the use of gestures and symbols. One such patient, Chil, had a massive stroke in the left hemisphere of his brain leaving him with little more than his right hand and arm to communicate with, though he could say three words, Yes, No and And.( McNeill 2000:84) Chil and his family were able to communicate through these three words combined with a series of hand gestures. Though the process can be time consuming it works for Chil and his family. McNeill describes a situation in which Chil would like to invite an additional two people for dinner: With hindsight it is possible to see Chil wants to invite two additional guests, Mack and June to dinner. However, it takes intricate, temporally unfolding work for his interlocutors to discover this. (85-86) Gestures may not be able to replace the intricacies that spoken language provides but it does serve as a useful and valid means of expression. There are also group therapy sessions which may help the patient use new conversational skills. The NIDCD website lists some pointers for family members. Family members are encouraged to simplify their language, encourage the individual to communicate in whatever way they can, inclusion into decision making and in conversation. It is also recommended that they do not correct their speech and that they encourage them to become involved with activities out side of the home including stroke clubs which are regional support groups for people who have suffered a stroke. New research into drug treatment has shown hope as the NIDCD website states: Pharmacotherapy is a new, experimental approach to treating aphasia. Some studies are testing how drugs can be used in combination with speech therapy to improve recovery of various language functions by increasing the task-related flow of activation in the left hemisphere of the brain. These studies indicate that drugs may help improve aphasia in acute stroke and as an adjuvant to language therapy in post acute and chronic aphasia. Science and medicine have improved and advanced significantly since the days of Paul Broca and Karl Wernicke. Scientists are now using machines like MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging) to create 3d virtual versions individual brains to study the inner workings of the brain and its pathologies. Something that Broca and Wernicke could never have imagined. Though there is less obfuscation concerning the inner workings of the brain and of the processes that lead to the comprehension and use of language in all its forms, aphasia is still a real concern that for some is nearly or completely crippling. References Akmajian, Demers and Robert M. Harnish 1975 Linguistics: An introduction to Language and Communication. Cambridge and London: The MIT Press Clark, Eschholz and Alfred F. Rosa 1998 Language: Readings in Language and Culture. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s D’Esposito, Mark 2003 Neurological Foundations of Cognitive Neuroscience. Cambridge: The MIT Press McNeill, David 2000 Language and Gesture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2006 National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. Electronic document, nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/aphasia.asp, accessed September 8, 2006 Research Papers on Aphasia - Communication ImpairmentArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Analysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementQuebec and CanadaThe Fifth HorsemanMind TravelAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion

Formulate a Budget Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formulate a Budget - Assignment Example Since our store is located in the main shopping hub in the downtown area therefore, we strongly believe that this factor would help us grow and to achieve success on the longer run (Longenecker, Petty, Palich, & Hoy, 2013; Ray, 2010). Furthermore, the company also aims to receive a 15% growth in the sales  and  50%  gross  profit margin is also expected by the end of the third year. Since, our major assets are residing in the inventory therefore we have to come up with a budget plan that helps us to survive in the market for at least three years (Shapiro, 2008; Longenecker, Petty, Palich, & Hoy, 2013). Although there have been numerous issues related to the business as the on-hand cash  for apparel was very low,  the company has decided to formulate a fresh budget plan focusing on all the key elements and factors that may or may not become an obstacle for the company in the coming future (Atrill & MacLaney, 2011; Gibson, 2010). The purpose of this budget plan is to ensure that the $50,000 loan is secured. The purpose of this loan / supplemental financing is necessary as it is required for the decoration of the outlet and its furniture and other operational expenses. The investment by the owner includes $60,000. It is forecasted that if the company works as per the expectation then the budget plan would allow the company to become profitable by the end of the first year. The budget plan that has been formulated for the coming three for ABC contemporary couture is presented as below. Thus, it can be concluded that if the aforementioned budget plan turns successful than the company can easily generate an increase of 10% in the second year and 25% increase in sales by the end of the third year. However, if the company plans to expand then the net income may increase as per the demand and expansion. It should be noted that once the

Intermediate Macroeconomics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Intermediate Macroeconomics - Research Paper Example The core theme of the project revolves round economic and monetary policies that are significantly influenced by the change in global oil prices. In this regard, it is observed that with change in global oil price, the import and export of the same gets highly influenced. The study leads to the comprehensive understanding regarding the development of the nation, hence, it makes interesting to the readers. However, in the essay a general introduction to the topic is provided at the initial phase of the study, which is followed by a study of the trend of oil price in the international market over the past few years. The variables that are prominently used for the purpose of the study are the leading producers and consumers of crude oil in the world. Moreover, an overview of the trend in the import and export of crude oil is also depicted in the study. In lieu of the determined objective, a critical quantitative analysis will be performed with regards to the impact of price change of cr ude oil on buying and selling economies in the international market, with due consideration to the statistical positions of Saudi Arabia, the US and Australia in terms of buying and selling crude oil. The quantitative analysis tools that are used in the study comprise correlation, mean and median. In this regard, the correlation among the oil price change over the years and the variable of the net export and import is considered. The time period for the same is considered from 2009 to 2013. Furthermore, these data are collected from some of the trusted sources like the Macro Trends, Infomine, Australian Bureau of Statistics, U. S. Department of Energy, and many more and hence, the result is highly reliable. It is expected that the approach taken would bring into a holistic assessment of the topic, with the comparison of data obtained about different countries. Ultimately, a conclusion will be

Social Psychology - The Stanley Milgram - psychological experiments Essay

Social Psychology - The Stanley Milgram - psychological experiments - Essay Example The case was taken as the punishment given to a victim member by giving some shocks by a member in a group. This shows his harsh obedience to his leader. But the member stopped the shocks when the victim refused to give answer further. The member showed tension in the member's mind. This study showed many behavioral aspects which were observed in this study of obedience. One real life example is when the police torture the criminals. But still when some police person shows the behavioral aspects showed by the study by Milgram. The police person also shows some tension in their mind when they are ordered to beat the criminals. The two studies which will be used to reduction of prejudice are contact and education. These two factors will cause a reduction of the prejudice as the contacts increase the knowledge about the world. The person who is in contact of different person will know about the things happening in the world and thus might able to distinguish the between the right and wrong. features about the facts. The books thus give the reality based knowledge. This lead the person to reduce prejudice as the books imparts the right knowledge. The teachers have given the top most places in the world as lead the students to the right area. They give accurate direction to the students. Thus they know what is right and what is wrong. The theory and study of contact has been evaluated as the best study for reducing the prejudice as cont

Persuasive Writing on topic of Animal Rights Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Writing on topic of Animal Rights Essay Deceased: Monday, November 5th, 2001. Great Britains Prison Service has reported that animal rights terrorist Barry Horne, 49, died in a Worcester hospital on November 5 after a short-lived hunger strike. The official cause of death was liver failure. In 1997, Barry Horne was sentenced to 18 years in prison for carrying out vicious attacks and arson on legitimate facilities that he claimed promoted animal cruelty. His attacks put human beings in danger for animals, animals without sentience, the ability to realize that they are alive. Animals without the ability to distinguish thought. This essay will focus on animals we consume for our nutrition. Animals without the basic goal of human beings of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The human race cannot give these rights to living organisms without the goal of the unalienable right and without the basic comprehension of consciousness. Animals are ignorant of the basic sentience and self-awareness, everything is an animal and we are not exempt, and reasoning that we should solely eat plant proteins because we have the intelligence to, and the wolf doesnt, so therefore we should make the wolf our equal is self-contradictory. The human race has come up with criteria for judging the sentience of a organism. There are five basic building block of society, which are the criteria for judging the sentience of an animal. The starting point for any species is if they were observed as producing or having produced technological artifacts unique to that species. Next, if they were observed as able to communicate from one generation to the next by a recorded language unique to that species, that is a significant leap. An important pair is being observed as basing action on abstract reasoning and being observed as engaging in inductive and deductive reasoning processes, and finally, observed as engaging in non-utilitarian artistic activity unique to that species. No other species besides man has five basic building blocks of society. Animals eat, eat, reproduce, and die. We, as human beings, are predators. We eat other animals. We need to eat. Zoomorphism only happens when we arent worried about eating. If we were not sentient we would still eat animals. By the survival of the fittest, which is the law of raw nature, no animal has rights; only the tools to survive as  best it can. The chicken has no right not to be eaten by the fox. The gazelle has no ethical recourse against the lion. If we are merely animals, no other animal has any ethical standing to complain against the human animal for eating them or wearing their skins. The basic rational or credo for animal rights consists of changing our diet to exclusively vegetable proteins, based on the notion that human beings have the intelligence to choose to eat soy beans in preference to cattle but wolves cant and this superior human reasoning ability is a reason to consider animals such as wolves as our equals. Look at the last sentence of the animal rights credo, This superior human reasoning ability is a reason to consider animals such as wolves our equals, and therefore realize that that argument admits we are superior, so we should be equal. This argument is similar with 2=0. The rational itself is contradictory. Animal rights failed on three other arguments as well. First, human beings are the dominant species on this planet, making decisions regarding use of the land, the sea, the air, and the near space above the air. Man rules and animals have to take what we do with them and lump it. The penultimate argument is there are no animals petitioning mankind, their oppressor, for an elevated status or recognition of their rights. Third, there are no animals contesting their status as inferiors to mankind. Animals arent protesting for their rights, it is human beings. Animals are not asking for their rights. How do we know to give them rights? If they are sentient, how do we know that they want rights? It is human beings who are asking for rights for animals, but their rational is insufficient. So lets be prepared for animal rights activists, because after the death of Barry Horne, there are some people who may regard him as a martyr. That includes people who may want to carry out actions against on legitimate scientist working with animals to promote human beings needs. No animal rights activists are themselves animals. There is no organization called Porpoises for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. It is people who make those demands of other people. Essentially brainless work animals should not be considered on the same level as sentient human beings. Animal Rights is the philosophy of allowing non-human animals to have the most basic rights that  all sentient beings desire: the freedom to be exempt from this web of dog eat dog, the food chain, the survival of the fittest.

Engle v. US :: essays research papers

SUMMARY Engle v. Vitale was the first case brought to the Supreme Court that used the establishment clause to remove religious activities that until this point had been used as a part of public observances. The First Amendment bars any enforcement of any law â€Å"respecting an establishment of religion† and the Fourteenth Amendment makes this applicable to the States. For that reason, state officials can not write an official state prayer and require that it be recited in the public schools, even if the prayer is nondenominational and students who wish to remain silent or be excused are allowed to do so during the recitation of the prayer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The parents of ten students brought this issue to the New York State Court maintaining that the use of the official prayer in the public schools was â€Å"contrary to the beliefs, religions, or religious practices of both themselves and their children.† The question that was reviewed by the Supreme Court of The United States was whether New York overstepped the boundaries when they financed a religious exercise. The New York Court said that â€Å"the prayer given does not conform to all of the tenets of the Jewish, Unitarian, and Ethical Culture groups. The Supreme Court ruled that, though the prayer was nondenominational and students had the option of whether or not to recite the prayer and not be penalized for failure to do so, the state of New York and the school board had violated the Constitution of the United States and the rights of the students attending the public schools. Though many Americans still disagree with the verdict of the court, the rul ing still stands today. OPINIONS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The opinion of the Court was delivered by Justice Black. The Court said: â€Å"Shortly after the practice of reciting the Regents’ prayer was adopted by the School District, the parents of ten pupils brought this action in a New York State Court insisting that use of this official prayer in the public schools was contrary to the beliefs, religions, or religious practices of both themselves and their children. The New York Court of Appeals, over the dissents of Judges Dye and Fuld, sustained an order of the lower state courts which had upheld the power of New York to use the Regents’ prayer as a part of the daily procedures of its public schools so long as the schools did not compel any pupil to join in the prayer over his or his parents’ objection.